The most important health administrative problem in this case is the issue of receiving gifts from the vendors of radiology equipments during the meetings, where acting head that is going on a maternity leave has been receiving gifts without the authorization of the management.

Other Secondary Problems in the Case

The hospital has not created an ethical means of receiving gifts where Beth justifies that the senior management trusts its managers and allows them discretions of such incidents

Whether receiving of gifts from sales representatives of the vendors influences the decision of the radiology head

Giving of small gifts is common in the business

Maintaining social friendship over business matters where Beth says one of the sales representatives had become a good friend to her

Working for long hours as the manger but getting little compensation for the work

Blaming the head when anything goes wrong in the management work

The difficulties of maintaining inventories of the suppliers at the right level, ordering them and the time it takes

Recommended solution for the case

a. Three possible realistic alternative solutions for the most important problem
The first alternative solution to this case is implementing a policy on the issue of receiving gifts from vendors a well as customers and other stakeholders. The company should have a policy that states what kind of gifts can be received by the employees of the organization, the limit as well as what cannot be received. Then there should be communication of this policy to ensure everyone is aware of it considering Williams did not know whether there was any policy.

The forces that control a moving body were discovered and analyzed by Newton. The mechanical aspects are applicable in Newton’s three laws of motion.

Newton’s first law of motion

The first law works around velocity, and is termed as “The law of inertia” (Cassidy, Holton and Rutherford 59). The laws Inertia refers to the force that is forced when a moving body suddenly stops. The law of inertia states that a material maintains velocity and direction so long as no external force stops it. A mathematical expression of the law is depicted with the equation (Cassidy, Holton and Rutherford 128).

The expression denotes that the force (F) is determined by the velocity divided by the time duration the object continues to be in motion.

The representation of the law in a diagram form is as the picture below.

The law examines an object that is stationary, and one that is in motion. A In a real world example, passengers in a bus will continue moving even after the bus comes to a standstill. The forward jerk experienced is due to the law of inertia. The law of inertia places a body in motion at rest until an external force acts on it, while an object in motion will continue to move until an external force puts a stop on it. The law works with the inertial reference frame. The object continues to move in the same motion impacted when the external force acted on it. The small bits of movement are referred to as the reference frame, where the object will continue to move until it loses velocity, and comes to a standstill (Holzner 90).

The condition of reference frames is denoted by Φ which is placed at zero based on the total net force that is acting on the object. Newton states that ever materials preferential reference frame Φ is calculated using the total value of forces only when the velocity of the material is placed at a constant. The constant in this case is when the material is at total rest, or it moves at a continuous recorded velocity. Newton’s first law is attributed to Galileo’s principle of objects at rest. He stated that light objects moved freely, where as heavy objects remained at rest (Shipman, Wilson and Todd 59).

By signing your names on the memorandum of understanding that I am proposing, you will be complying with the provisions of the schedule to the Companies Ordinance 1984 in the following aspects: registration and type of the incorporated company, limited or unlimited. The company I am proposing is a private limited company limited by shares, which means that in the case of liquidation or winding up of the company, the creditors of the company are only limited to the assets and not the personal properties of the shareholders in reclaiming their money. This is a great advantage because in the event that the company becomes insolvent, the personal properties of the shareholders will be safe.
The memorandum of association of the proposed company will have a condition that provides for the limitation of liability of the shareholders by share held by each one of them. This is important because the shares which will be held by each one of us will not be paid for because the venture is not capital intensive. The shares held by each partner cannot be sold to the general public hence the equitable amount of shares will be maintained.
Since the company will be a limited company, but one limited by shares, the name of the company should be in both English and Chinese with the word unlimited after the English name and the Chinese characters denoting unlimited in Chinese. The use of both English and Chinese is due to the location of the company and the area it anticipates to operate in.
Since the proposed company will be incorporated after the start of the amended Companies’ Ordinance 1984, it will have the powers defined by the seventh schedule unless they are omitted or altered by the memorandum. These include the rights, powers and privileges of a natural person. Since the proposed business will handle social media, the memorandum of association will not state the objects of the company in order to give it an opportunity to engage in other businesses related to social media because it a rapidly evolving industry.
The article of association gives the regulations of the company, and since the company proposed is a limited company, the articles of association will give the number of the members it wishes to be registered as three. The company will not have a share capital therefore it will have no capital it proposes to be registered with. This ensures that all the members remain equal partners because there is no capital contributed. The articles shall be printed in both English and Chinese languages. Both of us, as the founding members will be required to sign the articles of association. Restrictions will be introduced on the articles of association to limit the transfer of shares to a third party. This aids in the maintenance of equity among the members.
The memorandum of association of the company will provide for the alteration of articles of association according to the guidelines stipulated by the Ordinance. Since the shares of the company will be the same, there will no alterations in its articles of association by following special rights of some shares of the company.
The company shall be incorporated by application to the registrar of companies using the incorporation form which contains the name that the company proposes to be incorporated, the address in Hong Kong, the status of the company as a limited company, a statement showing that the company is limited by shares and that it is a private company, the names and address of the founding members plus the number of shares each one of the members will be allocated on incorporation, in this case the number of shares will be equal.
In the articles of association of the proposed company, the appointment of directors will be shared equally among the founding members to further secure the equitable nature of the company. The dominance of one shareholder will be illegal according to the articles of association of the company. The percentage of each vote by the directors will also be equal. In the day to day running of the company, decisions will be reached by the founding members to further cement equality.
To further secure the equitable nature of the company, the chairman of the company will have no special voting rights. The dividend policy in the articles of association will direct the equal sharing of profits or loses among the shareholders. In a scenario where the founding members need to nominate directors of the company from outside, each one will have the right to nominate without the refusal of the other.

Because the three founding members will serve as the directors of the company, the incorporation form will have to contain our first names, surnames, aliases, residential addresses, and the number of our identification cards or passports. During the incorporation of the company, we shall select one individual to serve as the signatory of the company ant the remaining two as joint secretaries to conform to the provisions of the incorporation form. Therefore, the signatory of the company will be one of the directors hence a statement by the signatory showing that he or she agrees to be a director of the company, and has reached the age of eighteen years. Because the company will be incorporated under the Companies’ Ordinance, it will have the authority to acquire, own, and sell land, which is a term comprising buildings, estates, and tenancy.
Sincerely,
Allan.

Integrated marketing communication is referred to as a communication that is data driven and with an organizational method that is customer centric. IMC involves both the coordination and integration of marketing communication tools, marketing sources, marketing avenues and marketing resources. It is from IMC that we derive an integrated marketing plan. As mass markets came up, the goals of marketing developed (Iacobucci & Calder , 2003).

Integrated marketing plan is made from the use of marketing tools. These marketing tools include management of concepts such as advertising producer’s products, carrying out public relations, being involved in direct marketing and exercising sales promotion (Malhotra, 2011). Integrated marketing communication focuses on creating a unified force and discouraging the working of departments in isolation. Good profit levels create customers are the sole revenue of profits

In using the tools of integrated marketing, the marketers are trying to achieve two things simultaneously. The first thing they endeavor to achieve is to pass a message across to customer and potential customer. It is evident in Super Bowl that fans cheer for their teams on live television sports. Here, beer marketers and soft drink marketers use opportunity to advertise. Good profit levels create customers are the sole revenue of profits (Piercy & Capon , 2003).

The marketers try to convince these parties of the need to keep on using their products or start using respectively. For integrated marketing communication to play an important role, the message being passed across to the customers and potential customers must be consistent. Super Bowl consistently advertises in the television bar and at breaks.

A firm achieves consistency if it properly addresses the plight of the marketers. An effective message should restate the marketing objectives and foster impact to where it has been targeted. The integrated marketing communication campaign should have psychological appeal so that the targeted populous acquires interest and the marketers in return get a selling premise.

Identifying the target

In integrated marketing communications campaign, identifying the market targets both demographics and psychographic characteristics. In demographics, integrated market communication campaign concentrates on income, age, sex and geography. In psychographic characteristics, IMC looks at fashion, lifestyle and consumer preferences. When marketers have researched and have acquired the information they needed, they are able to target markets fully aware of what is needed and by whom (Ehow, 2011).

Strategic business objectives

These are goals that a company sets by taking the initiative to achieve them little by little. This attempt is done from the present situations by achieving small and striving to the attainment of much bigger goals in the future. Business objectives addresses the ‘what’ that is to be achieved, while business strategies address the ‘how’ it will be achieved.

Integrated marketing communication campaign

This campaign uses the tool of sales promotion, a tool that grants distinct benefits in terms of company objectives and its achievements. Sales promotion is responsible for increasing increased company profits. It achieves its importance from price discrimination techniques where the strategy involves the lowering of price in a bid to increase the company profits. Another way sales promotion tries to elevate business is by increasing customer base and rewarding the loyal customers.

How Super Bowl uses the integration marketing communication campaign

Super Bowl advertises via public relations, sales promotion & direct marketing. With the culmination of the super Bowl on February 12th 2012, IMC was seen to be in action. Advertising at such an event was more than ideal from the population watching as the New York Giants were crowned covetous championship. A second of advertisement cost the advertiser $116,667.

The application of the knowledge of Biotechnology is increasing in many fields. Some of the fields in which this application is popular include agriculture, medicine, and environmental conservation. Of particular interest to this research is the rate at which the application of biotechnology in these varied fields is growing. Biotechnology is therefore a product in the market that is getting adopted at a very high and alarming rate and it can therefore be predicted that this product will spread to many other fields as more inventions of its application and relevance continue to emerge. Biotechnology has become a product of necessity as much as it is of choice. Rising populations are a strain on natural resources, which calls for novel ideas to manipulate and harness existing resources to meet their needs. New strains of diseases, food insecurity, environmental degradation- these are challenges that biotechnology has been employed to solve (Sutton 77).

1.1 Research objectives
The objectives of this research shall be to:
Investigate the application of Biotechnology in the fields of Agriculture, Medicine and Environmental conservation. In doing this, the research shall show how Biotechnology has been applied in these fields.
Come up with data in terms of figures that shall show how the Biotechnology is being applied in these fields. This data shall show how this application has grown over time.
Reveal the benefits that the application of Biotechnology in these fields has created.
Give recommendations that will make the application of Biotechnology in these fields even better.

1.2 Statement of method

The methodology employed in this research entailed studying written works on biotechnology such as books, magazines, news articles and scholarly writings. This research shall rely on these primary sources for information upon which it shall obtain its findings. These findings shall be analyzed to generate data which shall be presented theoretically and graphically.

1.3 Key findings

This research shall make the following findings from its data analysis:
There is a generally high rate of adoption of Biotechnology in many countries’ industries all over the world.
The main areas of application of Biotechnology include Agriculture, Medicine and Environmental conservation.
In the initial stages of the entry of Biotechnology into the market, it received a cold reception. This was in the early 1990’s. Many interest groups as this research shall reveal rose against Biotechnology, citing it was a bad idea.
Biotech companies have had to engage in concerted marketing campaigns to change customers’ attitudes towards biotechnology.
Unlike popular beliefs, biotechnology products are more beneficial than detrimental.

1.4 Conclusions/recommendations

The marketing effort by biotech companies is paying off but s lot more has to be done.
The marketers’ campaign should not focus on selling biotech products, but on changing customers’ views about biotechnology by actively educating the public on the significance of biotech products.
Biotechnology can be applied in solving many of the problems that __ the world, but there needs to be political will to do this.

2.0 Introduction

The world faces many structural challenges-climate change, an ageing population and food insecurity-to name but a few. Global economic recessions and financial crises only heighten these challenges. Natural resources and the existing technologies cannot be relied upon to ameliorate such calamities as acute food shortages, chronic diseases and environmental pollution. A solution had to be sought, and biotechnology was the answer. Its application ranges from agriculture to medicine, and its effects can be seen in increased food production, and increased life expectancy especially in developed countries (Hill 125).

The growing field of biotechnology has attracted notable academic works, books and reports that expound on the subject. According to Webster dictionary, “biotechnology refers to the manipulation of living organisms to produce useful commercial products… or the application of biological science in such manipulation.” According to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity, “Biotechnology is any technological application that employs biological systems, living organisms or their components, in making or modifying processes or products.”(Walker 11)
Biotechnology has gained popularity in recent years due to the advancement in technology. The necessity of biotechnology has been fueled by other needs, such as war, industry dominance or survival needs. During the cold war, work on microorganisms peaked, as nations anticipated biological warfare. When the threat of war subsided, the private sector took the driving seat in pushing for biotechnology products and mechanisms, leading to the growth of biotechnology industry by almost 100 billion from 1970s to early 2000s (Stanley 53).

The use of biological systems in the manufacture of products is not new, and can be traced to early civilizations, specifically ancient Egyptians. They were known to crossbreed animals or plants to suit particular needs. They employed fermentation techniques to produce wine and make bread. In 1864, a French chemist known as Louis Pasteur developed the process of pasteurization, which is the application of heat on products in order to destroy harmful microorganisms. This scientific breakthrough allowed perishable products, such as milk, to last longer, improving the quality of life (walker 23).

In 1860’s, an Austrian monk and botanist, Gregor Mendel, studied the principle of heredity. Using garden peas, he successfully crossbred certain traits such as plant height, pea color and pod size. Mendel proved that genes were responsible for passing on such traits as plant color or height. In the 1920’s, an agricultural expert known as Henry Wallace employed hybridization in developing new, high yielding seeds (Sutton 39). Hybridization is the process of combining genes or plant varieties to produce seeds or crops with better traits. Hybridization is an imprecise process, and was a precursor to advanced crossbreeding and biotechnology. Wallace was one of the early pioneers of biotechnology application in business processes, by establishing a biotech-based company.

The discovery of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, is perhaps the biggest contribution to the field of biotechnology. Rosalind Franklin, a British scientist, was involved in DNA research in mid 20th century. His research formed the basis upon which James Watson and Francis crick built upon, eventually discovering the DNA structure. DNA determines the traits a cell has. With this information, scientists could exploit the DNA structure to produce organisms with favorable traits (Hill 15).

3.0 Research Methods and Procedures

Modern methods of biotechnology gained pace in the 1970’s and 1980’s. With information about the DNA and advancement in molecular genetics, scientists could manipulate genes in plants or animals to produce desired effects. Biotechnology made it possible to produce drought resistant crops, enzymes and chemicals with pharmacological characteristics. The methodology employed in this research entailed studying written works on biotechnology such as books, magazines, news articles and scholarly writings. This research shall rely on these primary sources for information upon which it shall obtain its findings. These findings shall be analyzed to generate data which shall be presented theoretically and graphically.

Apart from my master’s degree that I am about to finish, I have acquired other academic credentials throughout my learning. In the summer of 2009, I acquired a Graduate Professional Certificate in Global Affairs from the New York University School of Continuing and Professional Studies. This educational qualification furnished me with knowledge in areas such as political developments since the Second World War. The course especially emphasized on political events following the Cold War. The course also offered me insight into international law, settlement of international disputes between states, and NGOs and international organizations. Other useful know how gained from this course include economic development strategies geared towards developing countries, integration of different economies, international trade policies and influence of economic transactions on international relations. Between 1998 and 2003, I acquired a Bachelor in International Affairs from the Georgian Diplomatic Academy. I recognize the importance of diplomatic skills in a peacekeeping organization like NATO and the internship will help me apply and improve my diplomatic skills. Apart from acquiring academic qualifications relevant to the department of political affairs, I have made attempts to attend briefings in order to get a feel of working in an organization like NATO. Some of the briefings I attended include the ones held at European Court of Justice, the court of auditors, European investment bank and the European commission. I also attended an official briefing of the United States’ mission to NATO. In the summer of 2003, I attended the European Union Study Seminar in Luxembourg.

Behavioral finance
Psychologists say that investor’s imperfection is human character
Behavioral finance normally interprets finances differently
Behavioral finance appreciates psychology in financial behavior
For instance, the comparison with playing blackjack
Research has shown that future can not be vague
Mysteriously, people predict risks and returns from each deal

Behavioral finance contd
The profits gained apply to monetary investments
Often, losers overreact to unexpected turn of events
Thinking with a clear mind improves prudent choosing
An optimistic mind helps in following rules
However, poor decision making results in a lose
Therefore, mood helps in deciding the overall result

John Castell Hopkins, R. J. (1919). Canada at war, 1914-1918: a record of heroism and
achievement. Canada: The Canadian Annual Review, Ltd.

In regard to John Castell’s book, the battalions made promises to parents and to the people that they wanted to join their battalions. The Canadian soldiers sailed to Europe and arrived in winter of nineteen fourteen, and after vigorous training the British authority sends them to battle zone. Leaders of Canadian troops such as Major Arthur Curie who started as pre-war militia and became the first Canadian to attain the rank of full general were seen. Arthur was a great leader and he was a hero in the war because he was never afraid to speak his mind, correct leadership as well as make suggestions on strategies that he thought would help the army.
Vance, J. F. (1997). Death So Noble: Memory, Meaning, and the First World War. Vancouver:
UBC Press.

Vance goes on to tell us that through Major Curie, the Canadians were briefed fully on what they would expect when they got to the battlefield and that helped them prepare fully and anticipate the possible outcomes of the situation that they were going into. This strategy helped prepare the people psychologically. The troops faced very many challenges from losing some of their men to bad weather. There was poor communication among the brigades and their leaders which also led to the killing of some troop members and that was countered by sending in another brigade to help the one that was short of men. The Canadian soldiers were said to be fearless as they showed that aspect of themselves in the war and that was their heroic contribution.

Setting it over the course of a cold fall night in 1914, the play features Henry and Archer, tucker Lily, and the Outlaw who meet in a deserted wheat field of northern New Mexico. Henry and Archer tucker who are not in good terms with each other and two former lovebirds who have not seen each other in a long while meets up by the cooking shack of a wheat-threshing crew, who are set to return at dawn. This is only supposed to be a temporary chance meeting of these characters.

One of the characters the outlaw appears and demands dinner at gunpoint. As he is awaits the arrival of his lady love Lily of 20 years back, but there is a twist in events which cracks open tension between the two brothers. Henry, the older sibling who is a non-achiever and has not achieved much in his life, seeks to find meaning in his life outlaw the excitement absent from his own life while Archie, an insignificant, bible-thumping mama’s boy, finds his way into a sudden more stable future. Henry, the quick tempered older brother, is also student of western culture. After vetting the outlaw and who passes off as a genuine gun slinger. Henry pumps him for tales of his glory days and then, to his eventual sad demise, tries to beat him to draw. After Henry’s death the action rocks to and fro from heightened comedy to touching sentiment. Lily, the only woman in the play, cares for Archie by welcoming him into the pleasures of the world of sex. The outlaw, who is remorseful of his deeds, tries to end his life by committing suicide. With his new feel of manhood, Archie decides to go off to the frontier that is World War I, the outlaw who is cowed at last, sheepishly follows lily off to start a life that is very different indeed. In this play, Henry comes off as a hot head and archer comes off as immature and nuance not being the strong suit of single-minded kids.
This inventive, picaresque play mingles humor and sentiment with moments of arresting theatricality as it events its classic tale of an old gunslinger changed by the evolving world. The old outlaw and a would-be gunslinger symbolize the dying frontier, and a woman hotel owner and an educated youth representing the dynamic present of the west, the play, like the others, “recalls the west’s formative frontier period in a post-frontier setting,” dramatizing its transformation. There are also identity problems between the men in the play and tend to center on specific issues such as competitiveness between the men— the outlaw, archer and Henry tucker. The playwright further tends to negotiate the experience of men in terms which were determined by the patriarchal definitions of gendered identity rather than disclosing their contradictions. The woman lily is theatrically marginalized and reduced in a way which parallels their sociopolitical status. Lily is significantly the only character without a surname in this play.
In the family setting, of this play Archie and Henry are somewhat dysfunctional family but the hold each other in brotherly esteem this s evident in the sadness that Archer feels when his brother Henry dies though a draw with the outlaw. Archer who is more of a conserved one of the two brothers loves his brother but cannot keep up with his lifestyle and seeks to find brotherly solace elsewhere. The outlaw and Henry build a relationship that has more meaning than that of his brother Archer. In the events that unfold Henry is so awed by the gunslingers past He challenges the outlaw to a draw which is a declaration of war. The outlaw accepts the challenge and Henry in the end is too slow in the draw, and the circumstances do not favour him at all as he loses his life. This is a big blow to his brother archer who despite the fact that he loved his brother of had to lose him in that way. The gunslinger in turn atones for what he had done. In this juncture, Lily is the one who consoles the grieving brother by giving him a taste of manhood. This is good for archer but is not enough to make him calm he decides to leave his life and start a new with him going to fight in world war two.

According to Stipek (1981), children’s ability in performance is rated according to best to worst in certain educational tasks where some observers have argued that at times, these ratings are exaggerated. Peers start to analyze their performance at early ages comparing their results to those of their teacher’s ratings. This paper analyses theories by Vygotskey and Piaget in relation to educational changes.

Vygotskey’s goals and strategies aim at encouraging motivation in education centers that would improve children’s performance. Scholars who have been searching for proper frameworks to apply in education have found Vygotskey’s ideas valid for this quest. Vygotskey’s theory concentrates on the mental functioning of an individual in relation to performance where he views the functioning of the brain as an action conducted by individuals or a group. Vygotskey argues that the functioning of the brain can only be comprehended by analyzing social factors of an individual. This relates to Mr. Smith’s lesson strategies where he forms study groups to enhance the functioning of the children’s brain (Developmental Psychology, 1992).

Woolfolk (2004), states that in spite of a child’s excellent performance, they should not be allowed to skip several grades, as they are not emotionally ready to deal with pupils in higher classes. Research argues that skipping of grades can be considered according to a child’s ability as well as maturity. Vygotskey states that peers with more competent knowledge plus adults can assist the development of younger children’s brain functioning where in some cases bright students perform as tutors. In addition, Vygotskey recommends that such collaboration as groups in classes where students assist each other should not be dismissed.